Episode 134 – Mutual Funds vs. ETFs: Understanding the Differences That Matter to Your Portfolio

Insights from Last Paycheck Podcast Episode 134

If you have invested at any point in your life, chances are you have owned a mutual fund, an exchange traded fund, or both. These two investment vehicles dominate retirement accounts, brokerage portfolios, and employer plans. Yet despite their popularity, many investors do not fully understand how they differ or why one may be more appropriate than the other in certain situations.

In Episode 134 of the Last Paycheck, hosts Archie Hoxton and Rob Hoxton, CFP professionals at Hoxton Planning & Management, break down mutual funds and ETFs in a clear, practical way. Rather than treating one as inherently better, they explain how each works, where each excels, and how thoughtful investors and advisors often use a combination of both.

A Shared Goal: Diversification for Everyday Investors

Mutual funds were created to solve a fundamental problem. How can an ordinary investor gain diversified exposure to many stocks or bonds?

Instead of needing hundreds of thousands of dollars to buy dozens of individual securities, investors could pool their money. A professional manager would then build and manage a diversified portfolio according to a stated investment objective. This innovation made diversification accessible to everyday investors for the first time.

ETFs share that same goal. Both vehicles allow investors to gain broad exposure to markets, sectors, or strategies with a single investment. The differences lie not in the objective, but in the structure.

How Mutual Funds Work

Traditional mutual funds have been around since the early twentieth century and became formally regulated under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Historically, most mutual funds were actively managed. Investors would contribute money, and a fund manager would select securities based on a defined strategy.

Mutual funds are priced once per day, after the market closes. When investors buy into a fund, the manager uses cash to purchase securities. When investors redeem shares, the manager must sell securities to raise cash.

This structure works well in many respects, but it comes with tradeoffs, particularly when it comes to taxes in non-retirement accounts.

The Tax Surprise Many Investors Do Not Expect

One of the most eye-opening parts of this episode centers on capital gains distributions.

During periods of market stress, such as the 2008 financial crisis, many investors watched the value of their mutual funds decline sharply. Despite those losses, some investors were still required to pay capital gains taxes at year-end.

How does that happen?

As investors panic and redeem shares, fund managers are forced to sell holdings to meet redemptions. Those sales can trigger realized capital gains inside the fund. By law, those gains must be passed through to remaining shareholders, even if the overall value of the fund has declined.

For investors in taxable accounts, this can be both confusing and frustrating.

How ETFs Are Structured Differently

Exchange traded funds were developed later and use a fundamentally different mechanism.

Instead of buying and selling directly with the fund company, investors trade ETFs on an exchange throughout the day, just like stocks. When one investor sells, another investor buys. The underlying securities usually do not change hands.

Behind the scenes, ETFs use what is called in-kind trading. Large institutional participants exchange baskets of securities for ETF shares. Because securities are swapped rather than sold, capital gains are generally not triggered.

This structure makes ETFs significantly more tax efficient in taxable accounts.

Cost and Efficiency

ETFs initially gained popularity because they were often designed to track indexes. Index-based investing reduced management costs, which led to lower expense ratios across the industry. That cost pressure ultimately benefited mutual fund investors as well, driving fees down across both structures.

Today, both mutual funds and ETFs can be low cost, particularly when tracking broad indexes. However, ETFs often retain a slight advantage in terms of tax efficiency and intraday pricing flexibility.

Active vs. Passive Management

While ETFs were once almost exclusively passive, that is no longer the case. Actively managed ETFs now exist across many asset classes. That said, mutual funds still offer a wider universe of active strategies simply because they have been around longer.

Rob Hoxton explains how advisors often use both vehicles strategically. In highly efficient asset classes , such as large U.S. companies, low-cost passive ETFs may make the most sense. In less efficient asset classes, such as small-cap stocks or emerging markets stocks, active mutual funds or active ETFs may provide an advantage.

This is not about choosing sides. It is about choosing tools.

Other Practical Differences to Consider

There are additional nuances investors should understand.

Mutual funds trade once per day, which can be beneficial for investors who prefer simplicity and are less concerned with intraday price movement. ETFs trade throughout the day, offering flexibility but also requiring more attention when placing trades.

Mutual funds can also be more forgiving if a trade error is made. ETFs behave like stocks, where timing and pricing matter.

The Bigger Picture

As Archie and Rob emphasize, neither mutual funds nor ETFs are inherently superior. Each has strengths and weaknesses. The right choice depends on the type of account, tax considerations, investment goals, and the role each investment plays within a broader financial plan.

The most important takeaway is that investment vehicles should support your plan, not drive it.

Your Next Step

If you are unsure whether your current investments are structured in the most tax-efficient and strategic way, clarity is the first step.

Hoxton Planning & Management offers a Retirement Readiness Checklist to help you evaluate how your investments, accounts, and income strategy fit together. It is a practical tool for identifying gaps and asking better questions.

You may also choose to schedule a complimentary conversation with the Hoxton team to review your portfolio and understand how mutual funds and ETFs are being used within your plan.

Move from information to intention.

Download the Retirement Readiness Checklist or schedule your meeting.
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Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, and CFP® (with plaque design) in the United States to Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., which authorizes individuals who successfully complete the organization’s initial and ongoing certification requirements to use the certification marks.

Episode 132 – Fun Facts About the Stock Market That Matter for Retirement

Insights from Last Paycheck Podcast Episode 132

When most people think about the stock market, they focus on headlines. Is the market up or down today? Should I wait to invest? Is this time really different?

In Episode 132 of the Last Paycheck, hosts Archie Hoxton and Rob Hoxton step back from the noise and share a series of data-driven “fun facts” about the stock market. While some of the statistics are surprising, the real value lies in what they reveal about long-term investing, retirement planning, and how everyday investors actually benefit from participating in the market.

These are not trivia points. They are perspective builders.

Below are the most important takeaways, and why they matter to your financial future.

1. The Stock Market Has a Strong Long-Term Track Record

Since the end of World War II in 1945, the S&P 500 has delivered an average annual total return of roughly 13 percent. Even more striking, about 79 percent of all years since 1945 have been positive years for the market.

That means in any given year, the odds favor positive returns roughly four out of five times.

This matters because many investors hesitate to invest due to fear of short-term losses or uncertainty about what comes next. History shows that market declines are the exception, not the rule. Long-term participation has consistently rewarded patience.

2. “This Time Is Different” Almost Never Is

It is human nature to believe the current market environment is unprecedented. Political events, economic uncertainty, rising interest rates, global conflict. Every generation feels like they are facing something entirely new.

The data tells a different story.

Markets have endured wars, recessions, inflation spikes, bubbles, crashes, and recoveries. Despite all of it, the long-term trend remains intact. What feels unique in the moment is often just another chapter in a very long book.

This perspective is critical for investors who are tempted to abandon their plan when emotions run high.

3. The S&P 500 Evolves, and That Is the Point

Many people assume the S&P 500 represents the same companies decade after decade. In reality, the index is constantly changing.

Since 1999, only 193 of the original 500 companies remain in the S&P 500 today. The rest have been replaced due to mergers, acquisitions, declines, or loss of relevance.

This constant turnover is not a flaw. It is a feature.

Owning the S&P 500 means owning an evolving collection of leading U.S. companies, not clinging to yesterday’s winners. It allows investors to benefit from innovation and economic growth without needing to guess which individual companies will succeed next.

4. Time in the Market Beats Timing the Market

One of the most powerful illustrations shared in this episode centers on a simple example.

If you invested $1,000 in the stock market in 1945, stayed fully invested, and reinvested all dividends, that investment would be worth approximately $7.3 million today.

However, if you tried to time the market by only investing during certain months or skipping periods you thought were risky, the results change dramatically. In some scenarios, that same $1,000 would grow to only a few hundred thousand dollars.

The lesson is clear. Missing even relatively small windows of market participation can drastically reduce long-term outcomes.

5. Dividends Are Not a Side Detail. They Are a Core Driver of Growth

One of the most overlooked components of investing returns is dividends.

When dividends are reinvested, they significantly amplify long-term growth. In the example above, removing dividend reinvestment reduces the ending value from millions to a fraction of that amount.

Dividends represent real profits paid by real companies. Reinvesting them means continuously buying more ownership in productive businesses over time. This compounding effect is one of the most powerful forces in long-term investing, yet it is often ignored in casual market conversations.

6. Everyday Households Own Most of the Stock Market

Many people believe the stock market is dominated by hedge funds, institutions, or billionaires. In reality, U.S. households own more than 50 percent of the public equity markets.

That ownership happens through retirement accounts, pensions, mutual funds, ETFs, and individual brokerage accounts. Hedge funds, by comparison, account for only a small percentage of total market ownership.

In other words, the stock market is largely owned by people saving for retirement, education, and long-term financial goals. Participating in the market means participating in the growth of the broader economy, not competing against it.

7. Efficient Markets Support Retirement Success

The United States has one of the most efficient capital markets in the world. Businesses can raise capital directly from investors, and investors can participate in business growth without needing insider knowledge or complex strategies.

This efficiency is a key reason the stock market has been such a powerful tool for retirement planning. It allows long-term investors to grow wealth systematically, transparently, and at scale.

As Archie and Rob emphasize, the goal is not speculation. The goal is participation.

Bringing It All Together

These stock market facts reinforce a simple but powerful message. Successful investing is not about predicting the next market move. It is about having a plan, staying disciplined, reinvesting intelligently, and aligning your strategy with your long-term goals.

Markets will rise and fall. Headlines will come and go. What matters most is whether your financial plan is built to endure all of it.

Your Next Step

Understanding how the market works is only useful if it connects to your personal retirement plan.

If you want to assess whether your current strategy is built for long-term success, we recommend starting with Hoxton Planning & Management’s Retirement Readiness Checklist. It helps you evaluate income sources, investment alignment, risk exposure, and planning gaps that could impact your future.

Alternatively, if you prefer a more personalized conversation, you can schedule a complimentary, no-pressure meeting with the Hoxton team to review your situation and next steps.

Take action today.

Download the Retirement Readiness Checklist or schedule your meeting Schedule a meeting with us!
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Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, and CFP® (with plaque design) in the United States to Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., which authorizes individuals who successfully complete the organization’s initial and ongoing certification requirements to use the certification marks.

EPISODE 130 – From Wealth-Building to Finding Purpose — Our Guide to Meaningful Money

Money without meaning can feel empty.

In Episode 130 of The Last Paycheck Podcast, Rob and Archie Hoxton explore a powerful question that many people face — once you’ve achieved your financial goals, what’s next? They tackle the tension between building wealth and living with intention, and how redefining your financial goals through the lens of purpose can reshape your relationship with money.

This episode is especially relevant for high earners, small business owners, and anyone approaching or entering retirement who wonders whether “more” is always better.

Rob and Archie reflect on their own professional journeys and how chasing financial milestones eventually felt unfulfilling without a deeper reason behind them. The message is clear: wealth is just the fuel. Purpose is the destination.

Key Takeaways from the Episode:

1. Financial Success Isn’t the End Goal

Many people spend decades saving and investing for retirement, only to find that achieving their financial targets leaves them feeling aimless. Financial freedom is important, but it isn’t the finish line — it’s a tool to pursue what really matters.

2. Define Success on Your Own Terms

Whether it’s spending more time with family, traveling, giving back, or mentoring the next generation, success looks different for everyone. The key is to align your financial plan with your values. That requires self-reflection and clarity — not just goal setting, but meaningful goal setting.

3. Avoid the Trap of “More is Always Better”

Financial anxiety doesn’t always disappear with more money. In fact, Rob shares a moment when hitting a revenue goal only brought fleeting joy. Lasting satisfaction comes from using wealth intentionally, not accumulating it endlessly.

4. Know When to Spend, Not Just Save

A well-constructed financial plan gives you permission to spend confidently. If you’ve met your savings goals, you may be able to redirect funds toward experiences, family time, charitable giving, or other meaningful endeavors without compromising your future.

5. Prevent Unintended Consequences for Future Generations

Building wealth without passing on financial values can do more harm than good. Use your financial plan as a framework for legacy planning — teach your children and grandchildren how to align money with their own purpose.

Your Financial Plan Should Reflect Your Values

The episode’s core message: money should be a reflection of what matters to you. That’s where a financial plan comes in — not just to build wealth, but to give it purpose.

If you’re uncertain whether your financial goals are aligned with your values, now is the perfect time to take a step back and reassess.

Start With the 6 Disciplines of Financial Planning

Revisit the fundamentals that help build a meaningful and complete plan. Download our free resource.
The Six Disciplines of Financial Planning
Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, and CFP® (with plaque design) in the United States to Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., which authorizes individuals who successfully complete the organization’s initial and ongoing certification requirements to use the certification marks.

EPISODE 118 – Should You Give While You’re Living? The Financial and Emotional Case for a Warm-Hand Legacy

Many people plan to leave an inheritance to their family, favorite charities, or both. But what if there were benefits to giving while you’re still alive?

In Episode 118 of Last Paycheck, Archie Hoxton and Jimmy Sutch unpack the increasingly popular strategy of “giving while living”—sometimes called “giving with a warm hand.” Rather than waiting until death to transfer assets, this approach allows donors to see the impact of their generosity in real time.

Why People Choose to Give While Living

For some, it’s about timing: helping a child buy a first home, funding a grandchild’s 529 plan, or making a meaningful charitable gift during their lifetime. Others are motivated by the emotional reward—watching loved ones thrive or seeing a cause they care about move forward.

Key motivators include:

  • A strong financial foundation and guaranteed income
  • A desire to reduce future estate complexity
  • A wish to avoid probate or family conflict
  • The emotional fulfillment of seeing a gift make a difference

The Financial Upsides

Archie and Jimmy highlight several financially strategic ways to give:

  • Annual Gift Tax Exclusion: In 2024, individuals can give up to $18,000 per recipient tax-free (double for couples).
  • Direct Payments to Institutions: Paying medical or tuition expenses directly to providers avoids gift tax and offers simplicity.
  • Appreciated Stock Gifts: Donating appreciated investments can reduce capital gains taxes.
  • Qualified Charitable Distributions (QCDs): For those 70.5 and older, QCDs allow IRA assets to be donated directly to charity, reducing taxable income.
  • Donor-Advised Funds (DAFs): These vehicles let donors receive an upfront deduction while distributing the funds over time.

But It’s Not for Everyone

The episode is clear: giving while living must be done with caution. If your own retirement plan isn’t secure, or if you could one day face expensive health care or long-term care needs, giving prematurely could put you at risk.

The best way to determine readiness is through comprehensive financial planning. Archie notes that one of the greatest gifts you can give your heirs is not becoming a financial burden in the future.

Next Steps: Should You Start Giving?

If you’re thinking about giving while living, ask yourself:

  • Have I secured my financial future?
  • Are there opportunities to reduce taxes now through smart giving?
  • Is there a legacy I’d like to see come to life today?

Generosity can be powerful, especially when planned wisely. With the right strategy, you can give with confidence and impact.

Is Giving While Living Right for You?

Download our warm-hand legacy worksheet and see if you’re financially—and emotionally—ready to share your wealth to evaluate your current investments, or schedule a planning consultation with our fiduciary advisors today.
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Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, and CFP® (with plaque design) in the United States to Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., which authorizes individuals who successfully complete the organization’s initial and ongoing certification requirements to use the certification marks.

Episode 117: Building a Portfolio That Works for You

If you’ve ever wondered, How do I build an investment portfolio that actually fits my life?, you’re not alone. In Episode 117 of The Last Paycheck Podcast, Rob and Archie Hoxton dive deep into the fundamentals of portfolio construction. Whether you’re just starting out or nearing retirement, understanding your portfolio mix is key to long-term success.

What Is a Portfolio?

Think of your portfolio as a financial recipe. The main ingredients? Stocks and bonds—each with distinct roles.

  • Stocks (Equities): Represent ownership in a company. Their value rises and falls based on company performance and market dynamics. Stocks are typically used to fuel growth.
  • Bonds (Fixed Income): Represent a loan to a government or corporation in exchange for interest payments. Bonds offer stability and income, especially useful in retirement.

Rob and Archie explain that the right mix depends on your risk tolerance, investment timeline, and income needs.

The Role of Diversification

Diversification isn’t just about owning multiple investments—it’s about spreading your risk across different types of assets that don’t all move together. This might include:

  • U.S. and international stocks
  • Government and corporate bonds
  • Various sizes and sectors of companies
  • Short-term and long-term bond maturities

Proper diversification can lower portfolio volatility while maintaining potential returns.U.

Bonds: More Than Just “Safe”

While many investors are familiar with stocks, bonds are often misunderstood. Rob and Archie break down the different bond categories (government, municipal, corporate), credit ratings, and the concept of duration—a measure of how sensitive a bond is to interest rate changes. For example:

  • Longer duration bonds are more sensitive to rising interest rates.
  • High-yield (junk) bonds offer greater return potential but carry more risk.

Knowing how to blend different types of bonds helps create a cushion against market fluctuations.

How Much Risk Is Right for You?

Your ideal portfolio should reflect:

  • Your age and retirement timeline
  • Your ability and willingness to accept market volatility
  • Whether you’re in accumulation or distribution phase

As a general rule:

  • Younger investors can afford to lean more into stocks
  • Those approaching or in retirement often shift toward bonds for income and security

Rob and Archie recommend using the Investment Alignment Worksheet to evaluate whether your portfolio aligns with your financial goals.

Ready to Build a Smarter Portfolio?

A well-structured portfolio isn’t built on guesswork. Download our free Investment Alignment Worksheetto evaluate your current investments—and schedule a no-pressure consultation with Hoxton Planning & Management to get a second opinion. Your future deserves clarity. Let’s build it, together.
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Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, and CFP® (with plaque design) in the United States to Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., which authorizes individuals who successfully complete the organization’s initial and ongoing certification requirements to use the certification marks.

Episode 116 – How to Handle Bear Markets at Every Stage of Life

Weathering the Storm: How to Handle Bear Markets Based on Your Age and Stage

Market downturns are a fact of life—just like taxes, birthdays, and awkward holiday dinners. The question isn’t whether bear markets will happen (they will), but how to handle them in a way that protects your long-term financial health.

In Episode 116 of Last Paycheck, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER® professionals Rob and Archie Hoxton walk listeners through how to think about market drops differently depending on where you are in your life journey. Here’s what they had to say.

Bear Markets in Early Career: Buy the Dip, Don’t Fear It

When you’re in your 20s or 30s, volatility can actually work in your favor. You’re buying shares at a discount during bear markets, which boosts long-term returns. But many young investors fall into the trap of viewing portfolio balances like bank accounts—when values drop, they panic and stop contributing.

Don’t make that mistake.

The Hoxtons recommend staying the course (or even increasing your contributions if possible) during down markets. Think in terms of share count, not account balance. This mindset shift can turn market dips into long-term gains.

Mid-Career: Stay the Course, Even While Catching Up

If you’re in your 40s to early 60s and still accumulating wealth, bear markets can feel riskier—especially if you’re behind on retirement savings. But the key lesson remains: keep contributing. Don’t let temporary declines derail your long-term strategy.

It may also be time to start refining your asset mix—adjusting the stock/bond ratio and increasing your emergency fund to reduce your emotional reaction to market swings.

Early Retirement: Flexibility Is Power

In the decumulation phase (the early years of retirement), bear markets are trickier. You may need to sell shares for income—but if markets are down, that means selling more shares to get the same dollar amount.

To reduce this risk, Rob and Archie recommend:

  • Holding 6–12 months of expenses in a “secure bucket” (cash, CDs, etc.)
  • Reducing spending temporarily during a downturn
  • Keeping your lifestyle scalable so you can pause discretionary expenses if needed

This flexibility can make the difference between staying on track and running into trouble.

Late Retirement: Don’t Go 100% Conservative

While it’s common to shift toward more conservative investments with age, Archie warns against becoming too conservative late in life. You may still need growth to fund longevity, healthcare costs, or legacy goals.

The right ratio of stocks, bonds, and cash depends on your personal needs—but don’t assume 100% bonds is the right choice at 85. Growth still matters.

The Bottom Line: Have a Plan

Ultimately, your success in navigating bear markets depends on having a well-thought-out financial plan. With a strategy that considers your time horizon, income needs, and psychological tendencies, you can avoid costly mistakes and turn downturns into long-term opportunities.

Ready to stress-test your investment strategy before the next bear market?

Download the Investment Alignment Worksheet to evaluate your portfolio—and see if you’re truly prepared for what’s ahead. Or schedule a free consultation to talk to a fiduciary advisor who’s on your side.
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Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, and CFP® (with plaque design) in the United States to Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., which authorizes individuals who successfully complete the organization’s initial and ongoing certification requirements to use the certification marks.

Episode 114 – The 3 Estate Planning Documents Every Adult Needs

If you’re like most people, estate planning isn’t high on your list of exciting weekend activities. But as Rob and Jimmy make clear in Episode 114 of The Last Paycheck Podcast, having the right documents in place can make a huge difference for your loved ones—and your legacy.

Why Estate Planning Matters for Everyone (Not Just the Wealthy)

There’s a common myth that estate planning is only necessary if you have millions in assets. The truth? If you have a family, a bank account, or even just a strong opinion about your healthcare, you need an estate plan. Without it, your state government could end up making decisions you wouldn’t agree with—and your family could be left in a difficult position during an already stressful time.

The Three Critical Documents You Need

1. Last Will & Testament

This document directs who receives your possessions and appoints an executor to carry out your wishes. Rob emphasizes that a will is your final voice—it’s your opportunity to make sure your values are honored and your assets go where you want them to.

Jimmy points out a common misconception: that a will overrides beneficiary designations. It doesn’t. If your retirement account still lists your ex-spouse as the beneficiary, no will in the world can undo that mistake. That’s why it’s critical to regularly update both your will and your account designations.

2. Healthcare Directive (Living Will)

This document outlines your preferences for medical treatment if you’re incapacitated. Do you want to be kept alive on machines indefinitely? Or not? A healthcare directive allows you to clearly communicate your wishes—and it also appoints someone (your healthcare agent) to make those decisions if you can’t.

As Rob and Jimmy stress, this isn’t just a legal form—it’s a gift to your family. It removes the burden of guesswork and guilt from your loved ones in the middle of a crisis.

3. Durable Power of Attorney

If you become unable to manage your finances—due to illness, accident, or cognitive decline—this document gives someone you trust the legal authority to step in and manage your bills, taxes, and accounts.

Without a power of attorney, your family could be forced to go to court just to pay your mortgage or access your bank account. It’s simple to put this in place, and potentially devastating if you don’t.

How to Get These Documents

Rob and Jimmy encourage listeners not to overcomplicate the process. For simple needs, online tools and state-specific forms can work. For more complex situations—multiple properties, blended families, or business interests—working with an estate planning attorney is best.

And don’t forget: estate planning isn’t one and done. Update your documents as your life changes—marriages, children, divorces, or major asset changes should all trigger a review.

Your Next Step

Estate planning isn’t about fear—it’s about control and care. It’s about protecting your family, your values, and the wealth you’ve worked hard to build.

Ready to get started?

Download the Estate Planning Essentials Checklist. Use this simple tool to take inventory of your current documents, identify gaps, and move forward with confidence. Schedule a free consultation to review your plan with a trusted fiduciary advisor.
Download The Checklist
Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, and CFP® (with plaque design) in the United States to Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., which authorizes individuals who successfully complete the organization’s initial and ongoing certification requirements to use the certification marks.

Episode 113 – Politics and Your Portfolio: How to Invest Without Losing Your Head

It’s no secret: political seasons can trigger intense emotions. But should those emotions guide your investment decisions?

In Episode 113 of the Last Paycheck podcast, Rob and Archie Hoxton explore how politics—left, right, or center—can quietly sabotage even the most thoughtful investors. From fear-induced selloffs to overconfidence when a preferred party is in power, political cycles tend to amplify emotional investing.

And that’s a problem.

Why Political Emotions Don’t Belong in Your Portfolio

Many investors believe that the markets will perform better—or worse—based solely on which party holds power. But the truth is more complex. Historically, markets have performed well under both Republican and Democratic leadership. Why? Because markets respond to long-term economic and business trends—not daily political drama.

As Archie puts it: “The market doesn’t care who’s president—it cares about earnings, interest rates, and business conditions.”

That means your personal reaction to politics could cause you to time the market poorly. And that rarely ends well.

The Cost of Emotional Investing

In the episode, Rob shares a client story about someone so politically stressed they stopped checking their account. When they finally came in for a review—expecting losses—they were shocked to learn their portfolio had actually grown significantly.

This isn’t uncommon. Political turmoil may cause short-term volatility, but long-term market gains often resume once emotions cool. Unfortunately, investors who panic miss the rebound—and lock in losses.

What to Do Instead

A better approach? Create a disciplined plan that can weather political storms:

  • Diversify broadly: U.S. and international markets, various sectors, risk-balanced portfolios.
  • Rebalance regularly: Keep your strategy aligned even as markets shift.
  • Keep investing: Especially if you’re still working. Long-term growth requires long-term participation.
  • Stress test your plan: Make sure you’re still on track even if markets dip.

Most importantly: avoid investing based on the news cycle. Markets care more about stability and policy than politics. And they hate emotional investors.

The Real Secret: A Financial Plan

Markets will always swing. Political drama will always exist. But a thoughtful, stress-tested financial plan can give you the clarity to ignore the noise—and keep moving forward.

As Rob says, “Having a plan means you don’t have to wonder whether you’re okay when the market drops. You’ll already know.”

Worried politics might derail your financial strategy?

Download our free Emotion-Proofing Your Investment Strategy worksheet to audit your current habits—and start planning with confidence. Or schedule a call with our team at Hoxton Planning & Management.
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Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, and CFP® (with plaque design) in the United States to Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., which authorizes individuals who successfully complete the organization’s initial and ongoing certification requirements to use the certification marks.

Episode 112 – Should You Trust Financial Rules of Thumb? Here’s What to Know

When it comes to managing your money, simple advice is appealing. Save 10%. Pay off all your debt. Take Social Security at 70. But are these “rules of thumb” really helping—or could they be steering you off course?

In Episode 112 of Last Paycheck, Archie and Rob Hoxton dive into the most common financial shortcuts and challenge their usefulness in real-world scenarios.

The Truth Behind 6 Common Rules of Thumb

Let’s walk through the popular rules discussed—and why they may or may not work for your situation.

1. Save 10% of Your Income

This is often the first bit of advice people hear when starting a new job. And for someone just getting started, it’s not bad. But for someone playing catch-up or approaching retirement? 10% likely won’t cut it. You may need 15% or more, especially if you didn’t start saving in your 20s.

Bottom line: A good starting point, but not a long-term strategy.

2. You’ll Need 80% of Your Income in Retirement

Rob and Archie caution that this rule may be outdated. Many retirees end up needing closer to 100%—especially in the early, active years of retirement filled with travel and new experiences. Later, healthcare costs often rise, adding more pressure to retirement budgets.

Bottom line: Don’t underestimate your lifestyle or medical expenses.

3. The 4% Withdrawal Rule

The 4% rule assumes you can withdraw 4% of your portfolio annually (adjusted for inflation) for 30 years without running out of money. But markets fluctuate. Emergencies happen. Needs change.

Bottom line: It’s a guide—not a guarantee. Your plan should adapt to your life.

4. Be Debt-Free Before Retirement

This one feels good—but may not always be the smartest financial move. If you have a 2% mortgage and your investments earn more, paying off that mortgage early could cost you in long-term growth. The key is balance.

Bottom line: Don’t sacrifice future wealth for short-term comfort.

5. Keep 3–6 Months in an Emergency Fund

Archie and Rob agree this is situational. A business owner with unpredictable income may need more than six months saved. A risk-tolerant investor with ample liquidity elsewhere might be fine with less.

Bottom line: Customize your emergency fund to your lifestyle and risks.

6. Delay Social Security Until 70

While waiting can increase your monthly benefit, it’s not always the best move. Health concerns, family longevity, and income needs all play a role. For some, claiming early might be a better fit—even if it’s not “optimal” on paper.

Bottom line: When to claim Social Security should be a personal decision, not a rule.

The Takeaway: Rules Are Just a Starting Point

Financial rules of thumb exist for a reason—they offer simplicity and can be helpful in the absence of a plan. But life isn’t one-size-fits-all, and neither is your money.

If you’ve been relying on quick shortcuts or conventional wisdom, now is the time to upgrade from “general advice” to a personalized plan that reflects your unique life, goals, and risks.

Want to stress-test your assumptions?

Download our Are You Relying on the Right Rules? Self-Audit Tool or schedule a call with Hoxton Planning & Management to start building a custom strategy that actually works for you.
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Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, and CFP® (with plaque design) in the United States to Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., which authorizes individuals who successfully complete the organization’s initial and ongoing certification requirements to use the certification marks.

Episode 111 – Tax Law Changes for 2025 – What Retirees and Charitable Givers Need to Know

If you’re nearing retirement, living on a fixed income, or focused on charitable giving, the 2025 tax law changes may affect you more than you realize. In Episode 111 of the Last Paycheck podcast, Archie Hoxton and advisor Emily Leslie explain what you need to know—and what to do now to prepare.

1. Overtime Deduction: A Win for Middle-Income Earners

If you’re working overtime to boost savings or pay off debt, there’s good news: from 2025 to 2028, up to $25,000 of overtime income will qualify for an above-the-line deduction. This benefit begins to phase out at $300,000 of household income (MFJ).

Action Step: If you expect to earn overtime in the coming years, adjust your tax planning to take advantage of this short-term window

2. The Senior Deduction: A Modest but Meaningful Break

While headlines claimed “No More Taxes on Social Security,” the reality is more nuanced. Instead of eliminating Social Security taxes, the new law introduces a $6,000 deduction for Americans age 65+ with income under $150,000 (MFJ). It’s available from 2025 to 2028 and doesn’t apply if you’ve already started benefits before age 65.

Who Benefits Most?

  • Retirees aged 65+ with modest income
  • Those delaying Social Security to full retirement age or beyond

3. Estate Tax Made (More) Predictable

For high-net-worth individuals and business owners, the estate tax threshold has been solidified. Now, individuals can pass on up to $15 million—and couples up to $30 million—without triggering estate tax liability. This change removes the previous uncertainty around sunset provisions.

If your estate is below that amount: No changes needed.
If it exceeds the threshold: Consider trusts, gifting strategies, or business succession plans.

4. SALT Deduction Expansion: Relief for High-Tax States

Taxpayers in states like New York, New Jersey, or California may benefit from the raised state and local tax (SALT) deduction cap—now $40,000 instead of $10,000. This provision begins phasing out at $500K income and reverts in 5 years.

Be cautious: Roth conversions or large IRA withdrawals could inadvertently push you over the $500K income limit, disqualifying you from the higher deduction.

5. Charitable Giving: More Options, More Rules

For donors, the new rules include:

  • Above-the-line deduction: Up to $2,000 for charitable gifts without itemizing
  • 0.5% AGI floor: You must give at least this amount before deductions kick in
  • $1,700 SGO credit: Donations to Scholarship Granting Organizations (SGOs) offer a dollar-for-dollar reduction in your tax bill

Pro Tip: Combining these strategies may reduce your taxable income while supporting causes you care about.

Final Thought

Tax laws are always changing—but the next few years offer unique planning opportunities. Whether you’re still working, recently retired, or managing a large estate, it’s important to understand how these changes affect your financial picture.

Want a quick way to review where you stand?

Download our free 2025 Tax Change Readiness Checklist to uncover what benefits you qualify for—and what steps you might want to take next. Schedule a free consultation to build a strategy that takes full advantage of the new law.
Download The Checklist
Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, and CFP® (with plaque design) in the United States to Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., which authorizes individuals who successfully complete the organization’s initial and ongoing certification requirements to use the certification marks.